In continuation of your deep dive into understanding Nationalism and its spread in Europe, this CBSE Class 10 Rise of Nationalism in Europe Notes Part 3 highlights the role of revolutionaries and explains how Greece gained independence from the Muslim empire.
Easy and Quick Notes
Chapter 1: Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Part 3
Conservative regimes
• Autocratic, imposed censorship
• Set up in 1815
The Liberal Nationalists
1) Inspired by the memory of the French Revolution
2) They were against censorship
3) They demanded freedom of the press
The Revolutionaries
• The fear of repression drove many liberal-nationalists underground
• Establishment of secret societies to spread the ideas of nationalism and oppose conservatism
Giuseppe Mazzini
• Italian revolutionary
• Born in Genoa in 1807
• Became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari
• Sent into exile in 1831 at the age of 24 for attempting a revolution in Liguria
• Founded two secret societies:
– Young Italy in Marseilles
– Young Europe in Berne
• Opposed monarchy
• Believed nations were necessary for humanity
• Following his model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland, and Poland
• Conservatives feared his relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics
• Metternich described him as “the most dangerous enemy of our social order”
Also Read: Rise of Nationalism in Europe Notes – Part 2
The Age of Revolution (1830–1848)
• Liberalism and nationalism became strongly associated with revolution after 1830
First upheaval
1) Took place in France in July 1830
2) Bourbon king was overthrown by liberal revolutionaries
3) Constitutional monarchy established with Louis Philippe as its head
Metternich once remarked: “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold.”
Greek War of Independence
• After the July Revolution of France, uprising in Brussels led to Belgium breaking away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands
• Greece under the Muslim Empire began its struggle for independence in 1821
• Greek nationalists got support from:
– Other Greeks living in exile
– Many West Europeans who had sympathy for ancient Greek culture
• Poets and artists praised Greece
• English poet Lord Byron organised funds and later went to fight in the war (died of fever in 1824)
• Greece got its independence in 1832 under the Treaty of Constantinople
Source: NCERT
Self-Assessment
Now you should be able to:
- Differentiate between conservatives and liberal revolutionaries.
- Explain who Giuseppe Mazzini was and describe his role in the unification of Italy.
-
Write a short note on the Greek War of Independence.
Or
How did the Greek War of Independence mobilize nationalist feeling among the educated elite across Europe? Give four points.
Must Read
Rise of Nationalism in Europe Notes Part 1
Class 10 History Chapter 1 Important Questions for CBSE 2026
