CBSE Class 10 Rise of Nationalism in Europe Notes (Part 3) are perfect for quick revision before your Social Science exam. Based on the latest NCERT syllabus, these notes simplify complex topics like secret societies, Giuseppe Mazzini’s role, the 1830–1848 revolutions, and the Greek War of Independence. Crafted for CBSE students, this part gives you exam-focused, point-wise clarity in just minutes!
Easy and Quick Notes
Chapter 1: Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Part 3
Conservative regimes
✓ Autocratic, imposed censorship
✓ Set up in 1815
The Liberal Nationalists
1) Inspired by the memory of the French Revolution
2) They were against censorship
3) They demanded freedom of the press
The Revolutionaries
✓ The fear of repression drove many liberal-nationalists underground
✓ Establishment of secret societies to spread the ideas of nationalism and oppose conservatism
Giuseppe Mazzini
✓ Italian revolutionary
✓ Born in Genoa in 1807
✓ Became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari
✓ Sent into exile in 1831 at the age of 24 for attempting a revolution in Liguria
✓ Founded two secret societies:
– Young Italy in Marseilles
– Young Europe in Berne
✓ Opposed monarchy
✓ Believed nations were necessary for humanity
✓ Following his model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland, and Poland
✓ Conservatives feared his relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics
✓ Metternich described him as “the most dangerous enemy of our social order”
The Age of Revolution (1830–1848)
✓ Liberalism and nationalism became strongly associated with revolution after 1830
First upheaval
1) Took place in France in July 1830
2) Bourbon king was overthrown by liberal revolutionaries
3) Constitutional monarchy established with Louis Philippe as its head
Metternich once remarked: “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold.”
Greek War of Independence
✓ After the July Revolution of France, uprising in Brussels led to Belgium breaking away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands
✓ Greece under the Muslim Empire began its struggle for independence in 1821
✓ Greek nationalists got support from:
– Other Greeks living in exile
– Many West Europeans who had sympathy for ancient Greek culture
✓ Poets and artists praised Greece
✓ English poet Lord Byron organised funds and later went to fight in the war (died of fever in 1824)
✓ Greece got its independence in 1832 under the Treaty of Constantinople
Q1. Who made the famous remark, “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold”?
A: Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich made this famous remark. He meant that revolutionary ideas from France spread quickly across Europe.
Q2. In which year was the famous revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini born?
A: Giuseppe Mazzini was born in the year 1807. He was a great Italian revolutionary and nationalist.
Q3. Name the secret societies founded by Giuseppe Mazzini.
A: Giuseppe Mazzini founded two main secret societies:
Young Italy (in 1831)
Young Europe
These were aimed at uniting nations and promoting democratic ideals.
Q4. Who believed that established traditional institutions of state and society should be preserved?
A: Conservatives believed that traditional institutions like monarchy, church, and social hierarchy must be preserved. They feared rapid change and wanted gradual reforms.
Q5. In which year was the Treaty of Constantinople signed?
A: The Treaty of Constantinople was signed in 1832. It recognized Greece as an independent nation.
Q6. What do you know about the Greek War of Independence?
A: It was a struggle by the Greeks to gain independence from Ottoman rule.Started in 1821 and got support from poets, artists, and European countries.The war ended with Greece gaining independence in 1832 through the Treaty of Constantinople.