This post helps to understand why resource conservation is necessary, Gandhiji’s views on the conservation of resources, and land resources and land-use pattern in India.
Easy and Quick Revision Notes
Chapter – 1: Resource and Development
Part – 2
‘Conservation of Resources’
• Resources are vital for any developmental activity.
• Irrational consumption and overutilization of resources lead to socio-economic and environmental problems.
To overcome these problems:
• Resource conservation at various levels is important.
Gandhiji’s Views on Conservation:
• “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed.”
• According to Gandhiji:
• Selfish individuals and the exploitative nature of technology were the root causes of resource depletion.
• He was against mass production.
• He wanted to replace mass production with the production by the masses.
Key Concepts and Reports
• Club of Rome – Advocated resource conservation for the first time in a systematic way in 1968 at the international level.
• Gandhian Philosophy – Highlighted in the book “Small is Beautiful” presented by Schumacher.
• Brundtland Commission Report 1987 – Introduced the concept of sustainable development. Advocated sustainable development as a means for resource conservation. Findings were published in the book entitled ‘Our Common Future’.
📌 Resource and Development – Class 10 Notes (Part – 1)
Land Resources
• Land – A natural resource.
• Supports natural vegetation.
• Supports wildlife.
• Supports human life and economic activities.
• Supports transportation and communication systems.
• Land is an asset of finite magnitude.
• Therefore, it is important to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning.
Land under Different Relief Features in India
• Mountains – 30%
• Plateaus – 27%
• Plains – 43%
• Islands
(4) Fallow lands
• (a) Current fallow – Left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year.
• (b) Other than current fallow – Left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years.
(5) Net Sown Area
• Area sown more than once in an agricultural year.
• Net sown area is known as gross cropped area.
Land Use Pattern in India
• Land use pattern is determined by the following factors:
• Topography – Variation in land surface features like mountains, plains, etc.
• Climate
• Soil type
• Availability of technology and other supporting resources like power, irrigation facilities.
Land Utilisation
• Land resources are used for the following purposes:
• Forest
• Land not available for cultivation
• Barren and wasteland
• Land put to non-agricultural uses (e.g. buildings, roads, factories, etc.)
• Other uncultivated land (excluding fallow land)
• Permanent pastures and grazing land
• Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves
• Culturable waste land (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years)
General Land Use Categories (1960–61 and 2014–15)
| Category | 1960–61 (%) | 2014–15 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Forest | 18.11 | 23.3 |
| Barren and uncultivable waste land | – | 5.5 |
| Area under non-agricultural use | 4.95 | 8.7 |
| Permanent pasture and grazing land | 4.71 | 3.3 |
| Area under miscellaneous tree crops and groves | 1.50 | 1 |
| Culturable waste land | 6.23 | 4.0 |
| Fallow other than current fallow | 3.50 | 3.6 |
| Current fallow | 3.73 | 4.9 |
| Net sown area | 46.26 | 45.5 |
• The pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another.
• Punjab and Haryana – over 80% of total area.
• Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Andaman Nicobar Islands – less than 10% of total area.
• Desired forest area outlined in the National Forest Policy (1952) – 33% of geographical area.
• Actual area under forest in India (2014–15) – 23.3%.
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Power Sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka – Class 10 Notes
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Chapter – Development Class 10 Notes
