Power Sharing Class 10 Important Questions and Answers

Answer: Belgium is a small country, but it has a very complex ethnic composition.
1. 59% of the people speak Dutch and live in the Flemish region.
2.40% of the people speak French and live in the Wallonia region.
3.1% of the people speak German, mostly in the eastern part.
4.In the capital city Brussels, 80% speak French and only 20% speak Dutch.

Answer: Sri Lanka has diverse population.
*74% of the population speaks Sinhala and most of them follow Buddhism.
*18% of the people speak Tamil, including Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils.
*The remaining 8% belong to other communities, such as Christians, who speak both Sinhala and Tamil.

Answer: * In 1956 an act was passed under which ISinhala was declared the only official language of the country.
* Government policies favoured the Sinhalas, giving them preference in university admissions and government jobs.
* A new constitution was adopted, which specified that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.

Answer:
1.Equal number of ministers from Dutch and French communities were included in the central government.
2.State governments were given more powers and were not under the central government.
3.In Brussels, both communities got equal representation.
4.A community government was formed to take decisions on cultural, language, and education matters.

Answer:
* Belgium shared power among all communities, but Sri Lanka gave power only to the Sinhala majority.
* Belgium respected the interests of every group, while Sri Lanka ignored the interests and demands of the Tamils
* Belgium adopted power sharing while Sri Lanka followed majoritarianism .

Horizontal Power Sharing
* Power is shared among different organs of government like legislature, executive, and judiciary
*All organs work at the same level and have different powers.
*Each organ checks the other to keep balance.
Vertical Power Sharing
*Power is shared among different levels of government like central, state, and local governments.
*Power is divided between higher and lower levels of government.
*Lower levels work under higher levels of government.

1. Prudential Reason:
It helps to avoid conflicts between different social groups.
It brings political stability by reducing tension in society.
It builds unity in the country by giving everyone a share in power.
2. Moral Reason:
Democracy is based on the idea that every citizen should have a say in decision-making.
Power sharing gives equal respect and participation to all sections of society.

Answer: I
1. Power sharing among different organs of government (Horizontal power sharing):
Power is shared between the legislature, executive, and judiciary.
All organs work at the same level and have different roles.
Each organ checks the others to stop misuse of power.
2. Power sharing among different levels of government (Vertical power sharing):
Power is shared between the central, state, and local governments.
Each level works in its own area and has separate powers.
Lower levels work under the higher levels of government.
3. Power sharing among different social groups:
Under this Power is shared with religious and language-based communities.
This helps to protect minority rights and avoid domination by one group.
It can be seen in the form of reservation of seats in India or community governments of Belgium
4. Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements:
Power is shared among different political parties through elections.
In coalition governments even small parties get a share in power .
Pressure groups and social movements also influence decisions of the government