Resource and Development Notes Class 10 CBSE – Quick and Detailed Revision Notes

Easy and Quick Revision Notes

Resources and Development

Geography – Chapter 1

Part-1

Resource – Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as Resource.

• Resources are the result of human interaction with nature.
• Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.

Resources are not free gift of nature.

Resources can be classified in the following ways –

1. On the basis of origin – Biotic and abiotic
2. On the basis of exhaustibility – Renewable and non-renewable
3. On the basis of ownership – Individual, community, national and international
4. On the basis of status of development – Potential, developed, stock and reserves

Development of Resources

• Resources are not free gifts to human beings; hence, they need to be utilised judiciously.
• Resources are vital for human survival as well as for maintaining the quality of life.
• Indiscriminate use of resources leads to the following problems –
  1. Depletion of resources for satisfying greed of a few individuals.
  2. Accumulation of resources in the hands of the few. This in turn divides the society in two segments:
     – Haves (rich)
     – Have-nots (poor)
  3. Adverse impact on environment which may lead to global ecological crisis such as –
     – Global warming
     – Ozone layer depletion
     – Environmental pollution
     – Land degradation

For sustained quality of life –

An equitable distribution of resources is essential.

There is a need for resource planning.

Sustainable Development

Sustainable development means development should take place without damaging the environment. And development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations.

Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit (1992)

1. First Earth Summit attended by more than 100 heads of state.
2. Held at Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
3. United Nation Conference on Environmental protection and socio-economic development at a global level.
4. Assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climate Change and Biological Diversity.

Outcomes of Earth Summit –

• Rio convention endorsed the global forest principles.
• Agenda 21 – Declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the UNCED.

UNCED (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development)

Aims of Agenda 21 –

1. To achieve sustainable development
2. To combat environmental damage, poverty, diseases through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.

One major objective of Agenda 21 –
Every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21.

Resource Planning –

Widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources.

Importance of Resource Planning in India –

• India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.

States of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh –

Rich in minerals and coal deposits.

Arunachal Pradesh –

Rich in water resources but lacks in infrastructural development.

Rajasthan –

Rich in wind and solar energy but lacks in water resources.

Cold desert of Ladakh –

Rich cultural heritage but deficient in water, infrastructure and some vital minerals.

Therefore – Resource planning is necessary at national, state, regional and local levels.

Steps Involved – Resource Planning in India

1. Identification and inventory of resources across the region of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of resources.
2. Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutions set up for implementing resource development plans.
3. Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

India has made efforts in the direction of resource planning right from the first five-year plans.

Mere availability of resources in the absence of appropriate technological development may hinder development.

The resources can be considered to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technological development and institutional changes.

In India –

Resource development does not only involve the availability of resources but also the technology, quality of human resources and historical experiences of the people.